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Introduction to the book, "The Temperament Model of Behavior" by John T. Cocoris, Psy.D
Have you ever wondered, "why are people different? "or, "why do I do what I do?" The Greek philosopher Theophrastus (d. 287 BC) was also curious. When he was in his 90's he wrote Characters, a book on personality. He raised a question that has encouraged the study of personality and individual differences ever since; "Why is it that while all Greece lies under the same sky and all the Greeks are educated alike, nevertheless we are all different with respect to personality?"
Hans J. Eysench in, Personality and Individual Differences, A Natural Science Approach, 1985, quotes Roback (1931):
"It is thanks to these writers of antiquity and their imitators that we can say with a high degree of confidence that human nature, though ages and oceans apart, is about the same where found, i.e., the same differences among individuals wil be discovered wheter they be ancient Greeks or 20th Century Americans."
People are different primarily because they possess different, natural traits or tendencies, referred to as temperament. There are other factors that make us different including gender, when we were born, the culture in which we were raised, education, and how we responded to these things. Nothing, however, influences daily behavior like temperament.
The word temperament refers to a person's natural disposition, the way in which one will consistently behave. The concept of temperament recognizes that people are born with a natural way of behaving such as being assertive, friendly, passive or analytical. There are four points to the temperament model of behavior.
1. People are born with a cluster of related traits or tendencies.
2. These traits or tendencies are possessed to varying degrees and characterize an individual's normal, daily behavior.
3. There are four groups of traits or tendencies that are distinct, unique and separate from each other.
4. These traits or tendencies are stable and enduring throughout the life-span.
Each of the four primary temperaments have a different behavioral style as illustrated below:
High "D"
Results-oriented, brief, direct and to the point.
High "I"
People-oriented, friendly, talkative and spontaneous.
High "S"
Service-oriented, passive, routine and loyal.
High "C"
Quality-oriented, organized and need information, time along to think and a plan.
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